Get New 2026 Valid Practice Courses and Certificates Network-and-Security-Foundation Q&A – Testing Engine [Q15-Q30]

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WGU Network-and-Security-Foundation Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Identifying Solutions for Compliance with Security Guidance: This section of the exam measures skills of Network Support Technicians and focuses on recognizing appropriate methods to meet security rules and organizational policies. It introduces how businesses follow security standards and how simple compliance strategies can reduce risks. Learners understand how to identify suitable solutions that help maintain secure and properly managed systems.
Topic 2	Applying Network Security Concepts for Business Continuity, Data Access, and Confidentiality: This section of the exam measures skills of Network Support Technicians and focuses on the essential ideas of protecting information within an organization. It introduces how security controls help maintain continuous operations, safeguard data access, and protect confidential information. Learners understand how these basic security measures support a stable and secure network environment.
Topic 3	Identifying Basic Network Systems and Concepts Related to Networking Technologies: This section of the exam measures skills of IT Support Specialists and explains the fundamental components of network systems. It covers the basic ideas of how networks function, including common devices, connections, and communication methods. Learners gain a clear overview of core networking principles used in modern technology environments.

QUESTION 15
A company wants to implement a cloud service to obtain access to virtual machines. The company wants to be able to choose the operating systems and configure each of the machines.
What is the type of cloud service model that fits the needs of this company?

Function as a Service (FaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)provides virtualized computing resources over the cloud, including virtual machines where users can install and configure their own operating systems and applications. It offers flexibility and scalability without requiring hardware investment. Examples include AWS EC2 and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines.
* FaaSexecutes small code functions without infrastructure management.
* PaaSprovides a managed platform but not full OS control.
* SaaSoffers ready-to-use applications without infrastructure control.

QUESTION 16
A company wants to use a cloud service to obtain virtual machines with pre-installed and configured software.
Which cloud service model should be used?

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Function as a Service (FaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)provides a pre-configured computing environment that includes an operating system, runtime, and development tools, making it ideal for developers who want a ready-to-use platform.
Examples include Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure App Services.
* SaaSprovides fully hosted applications, not just pre-configured virtual machines.
* IaaSprovides infrastructure without pre-installed software.
* FaaSexecutes specific functions without persistent infrastructure.

QUESTION 17
An organization is the victim of an attack in which an attacker uses a forged employee ID card to deceive a company employee into providing sensitive information.
What is the type of cyberattack described in this scenario?

Brute-force attack

Man-in-the-middle attack

Social engineering

Pharming

Social engineeringinvolves manipulating people into divulging confidential information, often by impersonation, deception, or psychological tactics. Using aforged ID cardto gain trust and extract sensitive information is a classic example of social engineering.
* Brute-force attackattempts to guess passwords through automated methods.
* Man-in-the-middle attackintercepts communication but does not rely on deception.
* Pharmingtricks users into visiting fraudulent websites but does not involve impersonation.

QUESTION 18
A person is troubleshooting a network issue and needs to see details about network adapters and their settings.
Which Windows command should be used?

ipconfig

traceroute

nslookup

netstat

Theipconfigcommand in Windows provides details about a computer’s network adapters, including IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS settings. It is particularly useful for troubleshooting connectivity issues.
* traceroute(or tracert in Windows) is used to trace the path packets take to a destination.
* nslookupis used for querying DNS records.
* netstatprovides details about active network connections and listening ports, but not adapter configurations.

QUESTION 19
An attacker uses a list of commonly used access credentials to attempt to gain access to an online account.
Which malicious attack strategy is represented in the scenario?

Phishing

Dictionary attack

Credential stuffing

Social engineering

Adictionary attackis a password-cracking method that systematically tries common words, phrases, and predictable passwords (e.g., “password123”, “admin2024”) to gain access to an account. Attackers often compile large lists of weak or reused passwords.
* Phishingtricks users into revealing passwords but does not systematically test multiple words.
* Credential stuffinguses breached passwords rather than guessing from a list.
* Social engineeringmanipulates users but does not rely on automated password attempts.

QUESTION 20
A company is ensuring that its network protocol meets encryption standards.
What is the CIA triad component targeted in the scenario?

Integrity

Consistency

Availability

Confidentiality

Confidentialityin IT security ensures that sensitive data remains private and protected from unauthorized access. Encryption is a key measure used to maintain confidentiality by encoding data so that only authorized users can access it.
* Integrityensures that data remains accurate and unchanged.
* Availabilityensures that data is accessible when needed.
* Consistencyis not a component of the CIA triad.

QUESTION 21
In the process of setting up a Linux-based network system, a technician needs to determine if there is connectivity to a hostname.
Which command should be used?

ping

nslookup

ifconfig

dig

Thepingcommand in Linux is used to check network connectivity to a specific hostname or IP address. It sends ICMP Echo Request packets and measures response times.
* nslookupis used for DNS lookups, not connectivity testing.
* ifconfigdisplays network interface configurations but does not test connectivity.
* digis used for detailed DNS queries.

QUESTION 22
Which statement describes the Integrity tenet of IT security?

It involves transmitting network data without any errors.

It requires the encryption of sensitive data transmission.

It requires that network applications be accessible to users.

It involves keeping systems accessible for network users.

Integrityin IT security ensures that data remains accurate, unaltered, and trustworthy throughout its lifecycle.
This means that data transmission should occurwithout errorsand should not be modified by unauthorized parties. Mechanisms like checksums, hashing, and digital signatures help maintain integrity.
* Encryption (B)enhances confidentiality, not integrity.
* Accessibility (C and D)relates to availability, not integrity.

QUESTION 23
An attacker uses malicious software to disable network resources, demanding a ransom to restore access.
Which category describes the purpose of the attack?

Data modification

Denial of availability

Data export

Launch point

This describes aransomware attack, which falls underdenial of availabilitybecause it prevents users from accessing their data or systems until a ransom is paid. Attackers use encryption to lock files, disrupting operations.
* Data modificationrefers to unauthorized changes to information.
* Data exportinvolves stealing data rather than disabling access.
* Launch pointdescribes an attacker’s use of a compromised system to attack others.

QUESTION 24
An organization has experienced rogue access points in the past and wants to take actions to mitigate this type of attack.
What should this organization do?

Require complex passwords

Use monitor mode scanning

Use server-side validation

Disallow ICMP packets on the firewall

Monitor mode scanningallows administrators to detect unauthorized or rogue access points broadcasting in the network. This technique, along withwireless intrusion detection systems (WIDS), helps identify and block unauthorized devices.
* Requiring complex passwordsenhances security but does not prevent rogue APs.
* Server-side validationsecures applications, not wireless networks.
* Disallowing ICMP packetsis a security measure but does not address rogue APs.

QUESTION 25
A developer is using shared functions for software code in order to reduce complexity, knowing that greater complexity and volume of code are harder to defend against attacks.
Which security principle is demonstrated in this scenario?

Economy of mechanism

Least common mechanism

Least privilege

Zero-trust model

Theeconomy of mechanismprinciple states that security systems should beas simple and small as possible.
Reducing complexity makes security mechanisms easier to understand, audit, and defend against attacks.
* Least common mechanismreduces shared resources to limit security risks.
* Least privilegerestricts access based on necessity.
* Zero-trust modelassumes no implicit trust in users or devices.

QUESTION 26
An organization has experienced a series of data breaches and needs to ensure that data remains protected even if intercepted.
Which security measure should be implemented?

Role-based access control (RBAC)

Two-factor authentication (2FA)

Data encryption

Patch management

Data encryptionprotects sensitive information by encoding it into an unreadable format, ensuring that even if attackers intercept the data, they cannot decipher it without the proper decryption key. This is crucial for protecting stored and transmitted data.
* RBACcontrols user access but does not secure data in transit.
* 2FAstrengthens authentication but does not secure stored or transmitted data.
* Patch managementfixes software vulnerabilities but does not directly protect intercepted data.

QUESTION 27
Users of a network have been experiencing issues. In the course of troubleshooting, an administrator wants to test DNS resolution against a host.
Which command in Linux should be used for this purpose?

traceroute

netstat

dig

ifconfig

Thedigcommand in Linux is used for DNS troubleshooting. It queries DNS records and provides detailed information about domain name resolutions.
* traceroutetracks the path packets take to a destination but does not diagnose DNS.
* netstatlists active connections, not DNS records.
* ifconfigis used for managing network interfaces.

QUESTION 28
A company wants to implement virtual machines with a focus on security and efficiency.
Which type of hypervisor fits the need described in the scenario?

Open source

Proprietary

Type 1

Type 2

AType 1 hypervisor(bare-metal hypervisor) runs directly on the hardware, providing better security and efficiency compared to Type 2 hypervisors. It reduces attack surfaces and optimizes resource utilization.
Examples include VMware ESXi and Microsoft Hyper-V.
* Type 2 hypervisorsrely on a host OS, making them less secure and efficient.
* Open-source and proprietarydescribe licensing models, not hypervisor types.

QUESTION 29
An organization is the victim of an attack in which an attacker intercepts messages between two parties before transferring them to the correct destination.
What is the type of cyberattack described in this scenario?

Credential stuffing

Social engineering

Pharming

Man-in-the-middle attack

Aman-in-the-middle (MITM) attackoccurs when an attacker secretly intercepts and relays communication between two parties. This allows the attacker to steal data, modify messages, or inject malicious content without the victims’ knowledge.
* Credential stuffingreuses stolen login credentials but does not involve interception.
* Social engineeringmanipulates users rather than intercepting messages.
* Pharmingredirects users to fraudulent websites, but it does not intercept communication.

QUESTION 30
A host is already set up with an operating system. An administrator wants to install a hypervisor atop the operating system to allow for setting up virtual machines.
Which hypervisor should be used?

Open source

Type 2

Type 1

Proprietary

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WGU Network-and-Security-Foundation Exam Syllabus Topics:

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